13%
OFF
$39.99
1033 pcs sold
Earth Day
$31.99
339 pcs sold
Earth Day
$39.99
292 pcs sold
Earth Day
$40.99
211 pcs sold
Earth Day
$69.99
173 pcs sold
Earth Day
$22.99
294 pcs sold
27%
OFF
$15.99
1108 pcs sold
Earth Day
$56.99
219 pcs sold
Earth Day
$58.99
10 pcs sold
- - 【Import Optical Glass】Crafted from premium Japanese AGC optical glass with an astonishing 28 multi-layer coatings, this ND filter reduces reflections and glare, ensuring superior image quality.
- - 【Putter Design for Precision】The frame is ingeniously designed as a putter, allowing you to accurately adjust the stop. Video shooting users can effortlessly adjust the stop with auxiliary tools. Every stop from ND2 to ND400 is conveniently marked on the frame, providing smooth 360-degree rotation for multi-scene applications.
- - 【7.4mm ultra-thin aviation aluminum frame】 The frame is made of aviation-grade aluminum, and the frame is designed with an ultra-wide-angle structure. The surface of the frame is designed with a CNC trapezoidal pattern. Consumers can increase friction in a large area when rotating, and install/remove lenses and other accessories anytime, anywhere.
- - 【Ultra-high-definition imaging】 The lens is made of top Japanese optical glass, and the surface is oxidized and sandblasted. It adopts double-sided multi-layer enhanced coating and grinding and polishing technology, which can effectively reduce the reflected light on the surface of the filter. In this way, the glare phenomenon caused by the reflection of the external defense line of the long-exposure lens is greatly reduced, and the ultra-high-definition image quality is ensured.
- - 【ND2-32 Variable ND & CPL 2 in 1】K&F Concept ND2-32 Variable ND & CPL Filter has both of CPL and varaible ND filter function, saves your time to replace two filters; it can not only reduce the amount of light entering the lens but also darken skies, and manage reflections at the same time.
- - 【No “X” Cross on Images】Say goodbye to the "X" cross on images, K&F Concept ND2-32 Variable ND & CPL Filter utilize cutting edge technology you're going to say goodbye to this common issue with wide angle lenses and variable ND filters.
- - 【ND & CPL Filter 2 in 1】One filter has both of CPL and varaible ND filter function,save your time to replace two filters; it can not only reduce the amount of light entering the lens but also darken skies, manage reflections at the same time.
- - 【No “X” Cross on Images】Say goodbye to the "X" cross on images, K&F utilize cutting edge technology you're going to say goodbye to this common issue with wide angle lenses and variable ND filters.
- - 【7.4mm ultra-thin aviation aluminum frame】 The frame is made of aviation-grade aluminum, and the frame is designed with an ultra-wide-angle structure. The surface of the frame is designed with a CNC trapezoidal pattern. Consumers can increase friction in a large area when rotating, and install/remove lenses and other accessories anytime, anywhere.
- - 【Ultra-high-definition imaging】 The lens is made of top Japanese optical glass, and the surface is oxidized and sandblasted. It adopts double-sided multi-layer enhanced coating and grinding and polishing technology, which can effectively reduce the reflected light on the surface of the filter. In this way, the glare phenomenon caused by the reflection of the external defense line of the long-exposure lens is greatly reduced, and the ultra-high-definition image quality is ensured.
- - The new titanium coating technology ensures that the problem of yellowishness of the picture can be effectively solved during the video shooting process, and the true color of the picture can be restored.
- - Grinding and polishing technology is used on both sides of the lens to ensure ultra-high definition without loss of sharpness. The surface is oxidized and sandblasted, which can effectively avoid the entry of stray light and reduce reflection.
- - 【Ultra-thin Brass Frame】 The frame is made of brass material, ultra-thin design, 0.01mm-level machining accuracy, the frame is highly fitted and fixed to the lens, and there is no vignetting when installed on the wide-angle and telephoto lenses. CNC one-piece molding combines hardness and flexibility for smooth installation and durability. 1-5 gears 8K video shooting light reduction adjustment, precise gear
- - 【Ultra-high light transmittance】The lens adopts K&F Concept's exclusive coating technology, and the reflectivity as low as 0.15% ensures ultra-high light transmittance. Reduces flare and ghosting that can occur when filters are attached to the lens, with little or no impact on the original performance of the lens
- - 【VND & Black Diffusion Filter1/4 Function 2 in 1】One filter has the ND & balck diffusion 1/4 effect filter features, it not only can control the amount of light enter lens via adjust (1-5 stops ), but also creats cinematic dream effect for photos and video.
- - 【No "X" Cross in Images】No "X" cross on images, K&F utilize frame-self locked technology to avoid this common issue on wide angle lenses and variable ND filters. CNC-non slip frame helps install and remove the filter smooth.
- - 【ND & CPL filter 2 in 1】One filter has both of CPL and varaible ND filter function,save your time to replace two filters; it can not only reduce the amount of light entering the lens but also darken skies, manage reflections at the same time.
- - 【No “X” cross on images】Say goodbye to the "X" cross on images, K&F utilize cutting edge technology you're going to say goodbye to this common issue with wide angle lenses and variable ND filters.
- - The new titanium coating technology ensures that the problem of yellowishness of the picture can be effectively solved during the video shooting process, and the true color of the picture can be restored.
- - Grinding and polishing technology is used on both sides of the lens to ensure ultra-high definition without loss of sharpness. The surface is oxidized and sandblasted, which can effectively avoid the entry of stray light and reduce reflection.
- - 【ND & CPL Filter 2 in 1】This 2 in 1 filter from K&F Concept combines ND2-ND32 and CPL filters toghether and saves your time to switch these two filters. It can not only reduce the amount of light entering the lens but also darken skies, and manage reflections at the same time.
- - 【No “X” Cross】Say goodbye to the "X" cross on images, K&F Concept utilizes cutting edge technology on the ND2-ND32 & CPL 2 in 1 Filter with which you're going to say goodbye to this common issue with wide angle lenses and variable ND filters.
- - The new titanium coating technology ensures that the problem of yellowishness of the picture can be effectively solved during the video shooting process, and the true color of the picture can be restored.
- - Grinding and polishing technology is used on both sides of the lens to ensure ultra-high definition without loss of sharpness. The surface is oxidized and sandblasted, which can effectively avoid the entry of stray light and reduce reflection.
- - 【7.4mm ultra-thin aviation aluminum frame】 The frame is made of aviation-grade aluminum, and the frame is designed with an ultra-wide-angle structure. The surface of the frame is designed with a CNC trapezoidal pattern. Consumers can increase friction in a large area when rotating, and install/remove lenses and other accessories anytime, anywhere.
- - 【Ultra-high-definition imaging】 The lens is made of top Japanese optical glass, and the surface is oxidized and sandblasted. It adopts double-sided multi-layer enhanced coating and grinding and polishing technology, which can effectively reduce the reflected light on the surface of the filter. In this way, the glare phenomenon caused by the reflection of the external defense line of the long-exposure lens is greatly reduced, and the ultra-high-definition image quality is ensured.
- - 【Import Optical Glass】Crafted from premium Japanese AGC optical glass with an astonishing 28 multi-layer coatings, this ND filter reduces reflections and glare, ensuring superior image quality.
- - 【Putter Design for Precision】The frame is ingeniously designed as a putter, allowing you to accurately adjust the stop. Video shooting users can effortlessly adjust the stop with auxiliary tools. Every stop from ND2 to ND400 is conveniently marked on the frame, providing smooth 360-degree rotation for multi-scene applications.
$44.99
$39.99
- - 【Import Optical Glass】Crafted from premium Japanese AGC optical glass with an astonishing 28 multi-layer coatings, this ND filter reduces reflections and glare, ensuring superior image quality.
- - 【Putter Design for Precision】The frame is ingeniously designed as a putter, allowing you to accurately adjust the stop. Video shooting users can effortlessly adjust the stop with auxiliary tools. Every stop from ND2 to ND400 is conveniently marked on the frame, providing smooth 360-degree rotation for multi-scene applications.
$44.99
$38.99
- - 【Material】 ND Filter: Made by Completed Professional Optical Glasses instead of Optical Resin. filter reduces the intake of light without affecting the overall color balance.For this 58mm ND filter,the lens cap/hood should be 62mm. Because of the update of the product's package, the new and the old version will be sent randomly.
- - 【No “X” cross on images】Say goodbye to the "X" cross on images, K&F utilize cutting edge technology you're going to say goodbye to this common issue with wide angle lenses and variable ND filters.
- - 【Ultra-thin Brass Frame】 The frame is made of brass material, ultra-thin design, 0.01mm-level machining accuracy, the frame is highly fitted and fixed to the lens, and there is no vignetting when installed on the wide-angle and telephoto lenses. CNC one-piece molding combines hardness and flexibility for smooth installation and durability. 1-5 gears 8K video shooting light reduction adjustment, precise gear
- - 【Ultra-high light transmittance】The lens adopts K&F Concept's exclusive coating technology, and the reflectivity as low as 0.15% ensures ultra-high light transmittance. Reduces flare and ghosting that can occur when filters are attached to the lens, with little or no impact on the original performance of the lens
- - The new titanium coating technology ensures that the problem of yellowishness of the picture can be effectively solved during the video shooting process, and the true color of the picture can be restored.
- - Grinding and polishing technology is used on both sides of the lens to ensure ultra-high definition without loss of sharpness. The surface is oxidized and sandblasted, which can effectively avoid the entry of stray light and reduce reflection.
- - 【Ultra-thin Brass Frame】 The frame is made of brass material, ultra-thin design, 0.01mm-level machining accuracy, the frame is highly fitted and fixed to the lens, and there is no vignetting when installed on the wide-angle and telephoto lenses. CNC one-piece molding combines hardness and flexibility for smooth installation and durability. 1-5 gears 8K video shooting light reduction adjustment, precise gear
- - 【Ultra-high light transmittance】The lens adopts K&F Concept's exclusive coating technology, and the reflectivity as low as 0.15% ensures ultra-high light transmittance. Reduces flare and ghosting that can occur when filters are attached to the lens, with little or no impact on the original performance of the lens
- - 【ND & CPL Filter 2 in 1】This 2 in 1 filter from K&F Concept combines ND2-ND32 and CPL filters toghether and saves your time to switch these two filters. It can not only reduce the amount of light entering the lens but also darken skies, and manage reflections at the same time.
- - 【No “X” Cross】Say goodbye to the "X" cross on images, K&F Concept utilizes cutting edge technology on the ND2-ND32 & CPL 2 in 1 Filter with which you're going to say goodbye to this common issue with wide angle lenses and variable ND filters.
- - 【7.4mm ultra-thin aviation aluminum frame】 The frame is made of aviation-grade aluminum, and the frame is designed with an ultra-wide-angle structure. The surface of the frame is designed with a CNC trapezoidal pattern. Consumers can increase friction in a large area when rotating, and install/remove lenses and other accessories anytime, anywhere.
- - 【Ultra-high-definition imaging】 The lens is made of top Japanese optical glass, and the surface is oxidized and sandblasted. It adopts double-sided multi-layer enhanced coating and grinding and polishing technology, which can effectively reduce the reflected light on the surface of the filter. In this way, the glare phenomenon caused by the reflection of the external defense line of the long-exposure lens is greatly reduced, and the ultra-high-definition image quality is ensured.
- - 【7.4mm ultra-thin aviation aluminum frame】 The frame is made of aviation-grade aluminum, and the frame is designed with an ultra-wide-angle structure. The surface of the frame is designed with a CNC trapezoidal pattern. Consumers can increase friction in a large area when rotating, and install/remove lenses and other accessories anytime, anywhere.
- - 【Ultra-high-definition imaging】 The lens is made of top Japanese optical glass, and the surface is oxidized and sandblasted. It adopts double-sided multi-layer enhanced coating and grinding and polishing technology, which can effectively reduce the reflected light on the surface of the filter. In this way, the glare phenomenon caused by the reflection of the external defense line of the long-exposure lens is greatly reduced, and the ultra-high-definition image quality is ensured.
- - 【7.4mm ultra-thin aviation aluminum frame】 The frame is made of aviation-grade aluminum, and the frame is designed with an ultra-wide-angle structure. The surface of the frame is designed with a CNC trapezoidal pattern. Consumers can increase friction in a large area when rotating, and install/remove lenses and other accessories anytime, anywhere.
- - 【Ultra-high-definition imaging】 The lens is made of top Japanese optical glass, and the surface is oxidized and sandblasted. It adopts double-sided multi-layer enhanced coating and grinding and polishing technology, which can effectively reduce the reflected light on the surface of the filter. In this way, the glare phenomenon caused by the reflection of the external defense line of the long-exposure lens is greatly reduced, and the ultra-high-definition image quality is ensured.
- - 【Ultra-thin Brass Frame】 The frame is made of brass material, ultra-thin design, 0.01mm-level machining accuracy, the frame is highly fitted and fixed to the lens, and there is no vignetting when installed on the wide-angle and telephoto lenses. CNC one-piece molding combines hardness and flexibility for smooth installation and durability. 1-5 gears 8K video shooting light reduction adjustment, precise gear
- - 【Ultra-high light transmittance】The lens adopts K&F Concept's exclusive coating technology, and the reflectivity as low as 0.15% ensures ultra-high light transmittance. Reduces flare and ghosting that can occur when filters are attached to the lens, with little or no impact on the original performance of the lens
- - 【Import Optical Glass】Crafted from premium Japanese AGC optical glass with an astonishing 28 multi-layer coatings, this ND filter reduces reflections and glare, ensuring superior image quality.
- - 【Putter Design for Precision】The frame is ingeniously designed as a putter, allowing you to accurately adjust the stop. Video shooting users can effortlessly adjust the stop with auxiliary tools. Every stop from ND2 to ND400 is conveniently marked on the frame, providing smooth 360-degree rotation for multi-scene applications.
$135.99
$109.99
- - 【ND3-ND1000 Filter Function】Variable nd1000 is to reduce the amount of light passing through the lens or extend the shooting time when using a large aperture to shoot in places with strong light.
- - 【Premium Material 】Made of high-quality Japanese optical glass, 360 degrees rotating between 1.5 to 10 stops, it can effectively reduce the reflection of the filter surface and avoid image defects.
- - 【ND3-ND1000 Filter Function】Variable nd1000 is to reduce the amount of light passing through the lens or extend the shooting time when using a large aperture to shoot in places with strong light.
- - 【Premium Material 】Made of high-quality Japanese optical glass, 360 degrees rotating between 1.5 to 10 stops, it can effectively reduce the reflection of the filter surface and avoid image defects.
- - 【Material】 ND Filter: Made by Completed Professional Optical Glasses instead of Optical Resin. filter reduces the intake of light without affecting the overall color balance.For this 95mm ND filter,the lens cap/hood should be 105mm. Because of the update of the product's package, the new and the old version will be sent randomly.
- - 【No “X” cross on images】Say goodbye to the "X" cross on images, K&F utilize cutting edge technology you're going to say goodbye to this common issue with wide angle lenses and variable ND filters.
- - 【7.4mm ultra-thin aviation aluminum frame】 The frame is made of aviation-grade aluminum, and the frame is designed with an ultra-wide-angle structure. The surface of the frame is designed with a CNC trapezoidal pattern. Consumers can increase friction in a large area when rotating, and install/remove lenses and other accessories anytime, anywhere.
- - 【Ultra-high-definition imaging】 The lens is made of top Japanese optical glass, and the surface is oxidized and sandblasted. It adopts double-sided multi-layer enhanced coating and grinding and polishing technology, which can effectively reduce the reflected light on the surface of the filter. In this way, the glare phenomenon caused by the reflection of the external defense line of the long-exposure lens is greatly reduced, and the ultra-high-definition image quality is ensured.
- - 【Import Optical Glass】Crafted from premium Japanese AGC optical glass with an astonishing 28 multi-layer coatings, this ND filter reduces reflections and glare, ensuring superior image quality.
- - 【Putter Design for Precision】The frame is ingeniously designed as a putter, allowing you to accurately adjust the stop. Video shooting users can effortlessly adjust the stop with auxiliary tools. Every stop from ND2 to ND400 is conveniently marked on the frame, providing smooth 360-degree rotation for multi-scene applications.
$44.99
$38.99
- - 【7.4mm ultra-thin aviation aluminum frame】 The frame is made of aviation-grade aluminum, and the frame is designed with an ultra-wide-angle structure. The surface of the frame is designed with a CNC trapezoidal pattern. Consumers can increase friction in a large area when rotating, and install/remove lenses and other accessories anytime, anywhere.
- - 【Ultra-high-definition imaging】 The lens is made of top Japanese optical glass, and the surface is oxidized and sandblasted. It adopts double-sided multi-layer enhanced coating and grinding and polishing technology, which can effectively reduce the reflected light on the surface of the filter. In this way, the glare phenomenon caused by the reflection of the external defense line of the long-exposure lens is greatly reduced, and the ultra-high-definition image quality is ensured.
- - 【7.4mm ultra-thin aviation aluminum frame】 The frame is made of aviation-grade aluminum, and the frame is designed with an ultra-wide-angle structure. The surface of the frame is designed with a CNC trapezoidal pattern. Consumers can increase friction in a large area when rotating, and install/remove lenses and other accessories anytime, anywhere.
- - 【Ultra-high-definition imaging】 The lens is made of top Japanese optical glass, and the surface is oxidized and sandblasted. It adopts double-sided multi-layer enhanced coating and grinding and polishing technology, which can effectively reduce the reflected light on the surface of the filter. In this way, the glare phenomenon caused by the reflection of the external defense line of the long-exposure lens is greatly reduced, and the ultra-high-definition image quality is ensured.
- - 【11-Stops Variable ND】K&F Concept ND2-ND2000 Filter controls light precisely (ND2 to ND2000) - Tailor light reduction from ND2 (1-stop) to ND2000 (19-stop) to suit a wide range of lighting conditions, providing you with ultimate control over exposure.
- - 【Multi-Coated Premium Optical Glass】Crystal-Clear Imaging with Precision Coating -this ND2-ND2000 filter significantly reduces light dispersion and distortion, contributing to sharper images and truer colors in your photography. Experience exceptional image quality facilitated by 18-layer anti-reflective coating on top-grade optical glass, minimizing reflections and enhancing overall visual clarity.
$35.99
- - 【Import Optical Glass】Crafted from premium Japanese AGC optical glass with an astonishing 28 multi-layer coatings, this ND filter reduces reflections and glare, ensuring superior image quality.
- - 【Putter Design for Precision】The frame is ingeniously designed as a putter, allowing you to accurately adjust the stop. Video shooting users can effortlessly adjust the stop with auxiliary tools. Every stop from ND2 to ND400 is conveniently marked on the frame, providing smooth 360-degree rotation for multi-scene applications.
$44.99
$38.99
- - 【1-9 Stops ND2-ND400 Variable】ND2-ND400 variable filter is intended for long exposure and motion blur techniques in changing light. Reduces light intake from 1 to 9 stops without affecting color balance.
- - 【24 Layers of Nano Coated Optical Glass】This ND2-ND400 variable filter, of K&F Concept Nano D series, is made by HD AGC optical glass, a total of 24 multi-layer coatings help repel water and dust, effectively reducing reflection from the filter itself and glare.The surface of the lens is oxidized and sandblasted to effectively prevent stray light from entering and slow down the reflection of the metal surface.
- - 【ND3-ND1000 Filter Function】Variable nd1000 is to reduce the amount of light passing through the lens or extend the shooting time when using a large aperture to shoot in places with strong light.
- - 【Premium Material 】Made of high-quality Japanese optical glass, 360 degrees rotating between 1.5 to 10 stops, it can effectively reduce the reflection of the filter surface and avoid image defects.
- - 【1-9 Stops ND2-ND400 Variable】ND2-ND400 variable filter is intended for long exposure and motion blur techniques in changing light. Reduces light intake from 1 to 9 stops without affecting color balance.
- - 【24 Layers of Nano Coated Optical Glass】This ND2-ND400 variable filter, of K&F Concept Nano D series, is made by HD AGC optical glass, a total of 24 multi-layer coatings help repel water and dust, effectively reducing reflection from the filter itself and glare.The surface of the lens is oxidized and sandblasted to effectively prevent stray light from entering and slow down the reflection of the metal surface.
- - The new titanium coating technology ensures that the problem of yellowishness of the picture can be effectively solved during the video shooting process, and the true color of the picture can be restored.
- - Grinding and polishing technology is used on both sides of the lens to ensure ultra-high definition without loss of sharpness. The surface is oxidized and sandblasted, which can effectively avoid the entry of stray light and reduce reflection.
- - The new titanium coating technology ensures that the problem of yellowishness of the picture can be effectively solved during the video shooting process, and the true color of the picture can be restored.
- - Grinding and polishing technology is used on both sides of the lens to ensure ultra-high definition without loss of sharpness. The surface is oxidized and sandblasted, which can effectively avoid the entry of stray light and reduce reflection.
- - The new titanium coating technology ensures that the problem of yellowishness of the picture can be effectively solved during the video shooting process, and the true color of the picture can be restored.
- - Grinding and polishing technology is used on both sides of the lens to ensure ultra-high definition without loss of sharpness. The surface is oxidized and sandblasted, which can effectively avoid the entry of stray light and reduce reflection.
- - 【ND3-ND1000 Filter Function】Variable nd1000 is to reduce the amount of light passing through the lens or extend the shooting time when using a large aperture to shoot in places with strong light.
- - 【Premium Material 】Made of high-quality Japanese optical glass, 360 degrees rotating between 1.5 to 10 stops, it can effectively reduce the reflection of the filter surface and avoid image defects.
- - 【Import Optical Glass】Crafted from premium Japanese AGC optical glass with an astonishing 28 multi-layer coatings, this ND filter reduces reflections and glare, ensuring superior image quality.
- - 【Putter Design for Precision】The frame is ingeniously designed as a putter, allowing you to accurately adjust the stop. Video shooting users can effortlessly adjust the stop with auxiliary tools. Every stop from ND2 to ND400 is conveniently marked on the frame, providing smooth 360-degree rotation for multi-scene applications.
- - 【11-Stops Variable ND】K&F Concept ND2-ND2000 Filter controls light precisely (ND2 to ND2000) - Tailor light reduction from ND2 (1-stop) to ND2000 (19-stop) to suit a wide range of lighting conditions, providing you with ultimate control over exposure.
- - 【Multi-Coated Premium Optical Glass】Crystal-Clear Imaging with Precision Coating -this ND2-ND2000 filter significantly reduces light dispersion and distortion, contributing to sharper images and truer colors in your photography. Experience exceptional image quality facilitated by 18-layer anti-reflective coating on top-grade optical glass, minimizing reflections and enhancing overall visual clarity.
$30.99
- - The new titanium coating technology ensures that the problem of yellowishness of the picture can be effectively solved during the video shooting process, and the true color of the picture can be restored.
- - Grinding and polishing technology is used on both sides of the lens to ensure ultra-high definition without loss of sharpness. The surface is oxidized and sandblasted, which can effectively avoid the entry of stray light and reduce reflection.
- - 【Material】 ND Filter: Made by Completed Professional Optical Glasses instead of Optical Resin. filter reduces the intake of light without affecting the overall color balance.For this 105mm ND filter,the lens cap/hood should be 112mm. Because of the update of the product's package, the new and the old version will be sent randomly.
- - 【No “X” cross on images】Say goodbye to the "X" cross on images, K&F utilize cutting edge technology you're going to say goodbye to this common issue with wide angle lenses and variable ND filters.
- - 【1-9 Stops ND2-ND400 Variable】ND2-ND400 variable filter is intended for long exposure and motion blur techniques in changing light. Reduces light intake from 1 to 9 stops without affecting color balance.
- - 【24 Layers of Nano Coated Optical Glass】This ND2-ND400 variable filter, of K&F Concept Nano D series, is made by HD AGC optical glass, a total of 24 multi-layer coatings help repel water and dust, effectively reducing reflection from the filter itself and glare.The surface of the lens is oxidized and sandblasted to effectively prevent stray light from entering and slow down the reflection of the metal surface.
- - 【1-9 Stops ND2-ND400 Variable】ND2-ND400 variable filter is intended for long exposure and motion blur techniques in changing light. Reduces light intake from 1 to 9 stops without affecting color balance.
- - 【24 Layers of Nano Coated Optical Glass】This ND2-ND400 variable filter, of K&F Concept Nano D series, is made by HD AGC optical glass, a total of 24 multi-layer coatings help repel water and dust, effectively reducing reflection from the filter itself and glare.The surface of the lens is oxidized and sandblasted to effectively prevent stray light from entering and slow down the reflection of the metal surface.
- - The new titanium coating technology ensures that the problem of yellowishness of the picture can be effectively solved during the video shooting process, and the true color of the picture can be restored.
- - Grinding and polishing technology is used on both sides of the lens to ensure ultra-high definition without loss of sharpness. The surface is oxidized and sandblasted, which can effectively avoid the entry of stray light and reduce reflection.